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Nutrition For

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"The doctor of the future will give no medicine, but will interest his patients in the care of
the human frame, in diet, and in the cause and prevention of disease." Thomas Edison
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The Other Benefits
of
Omega-3 Fatty Acids EPA and DHA
September 26, 2007

Omega-3 fatty acids - EPA and DHA from fish have received a lot of press the last several years primarily for their benefits in combating heart disease. They have been found to reduce and control abnormal inflammation that increases the risk of heart disease, including stroke and lower triglycerides. They prevent abnormal clotting and the likelihood of blood cells from sticking to the walls of blood vessels improving blood flow, help to stabilize the rhythm of the heart, and maintain healthy blood pressure.

Researchers continue to discover many other benefits as well:

Omega-3 Improves Mood and Mental Outlook
Researchers in New Zealand concluded that there was a significant relationship between the amount of fish eaten and the mental health of 4,644 people over the age of 15. Those who ate the most fish reported a higher mental health status. 1

Omega-3 Fights Depression
National Institutes of Health researcher Joseph Hibbeln discovered that people who suffered from severe depression and attempted suicide had lower blood levels of DHA and stated that fish oil is a natural antidepressant. 2,3,4

Omega-3 Helps to Build Bones
An eight-year Swedish study of young men concluded that high blood levels of omega-3 predicted greater bone mineral density indicating better bone health later in life and reduced risks of osteoporosis and fractures. Other research suggests that omega-3 can also assist the elderly in maintaining strong bones. 5
(Note: Researchers have discovered that inflammation triggers certain Immune system cells called cytokines that breakdown bone tissue. Omega-3 from fish helps to control inflammation reducing the production of these bone destroying immune system cells, especially interleukin-1 and interleukin-2.) 6

Omega-3 Assists Weight Loss
An Australian study demonstrated that test subjects could lose weight without reducing their calories or changing their diet by exercising and taking fish oil. 7

Study
In the study, 68 overweight and obese people were divided into four groups and monitored for three months. Two groups received either sunflower oil or fish oil with no alteration to their eating habits and exercised moderately three times a week by either walking or running for 45 minutes. The other two groups received either sunflower or fish oil, but did not exercise.

At the end of three months researchers discovered that the group that took the sunflower oil and exercised, and the other two groups that took the sunflower oil and fish oil and did not exercise, did not lose weight. However, the group that took the fish oil and exercised lost an average of 2 kilograms, or 4.4 pounds.

University researcher Alison Hill commented, "The Omega-3 found in fish oil increases fat-burning ability by improving the flow of blood to muscles during exercise."

Omega-3 from Fish Oil Helps to Reduce Pain
In the analysis of 17 studies Canadian researchers found that taking fish oil supplements reduced the pain associated with inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation.) 8

Omega-3 Fish Oil Reduces Risk of Cancer
Inflammation increases the risk of all types of cancers and by reducing it we can reduce the risks of getting it. As seen from other studies, omega-3 fish oil can effectively lower inflammation without negative side effects. 9
Note two studies below.

Less Coloretcal Cancer
A Harvard study of men who do not use aspirin, but had the highest blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids had 66% less colorectal cancer than men with the lowest levels. While aspirin can lower inflammation, it can cause gastrointestinal problems and cause other negative side effects.

Less kidney Cancer
This study found that women who consumed fish with the highest amount of fat over ten years had reduced their risk of getting kidney cancer by 74% compared to women who ate fish lower in fat, or no fish.

High fat fish such as mackeral, salmon, and sardine have a higher omega-3, EPA/DHA, content than lower fat fish such as halibut, haddock, perch, orange roughy, and pike.

How Much Omega-3 from Fish Oil Is Required
Studies have shown that to benefit from these health promoting fish oils, we need to eat fish a minimum of two to three times a week - preferably fatty fish high in EPA and DHA.

These would include herring, mackeral (excluding king), wild salmon (excluding chum), sardine, and shad.

Fish Oil Supplements
For those who do not eat fish supplements can be used. A minimum of 1,000 mg each of EPA and DHA daily is recommended. A source of EPA and DHA in a high quality fish oil supplement is OmegaLogic™.


References:
1. Public Health Nutrition, 2002:5(3):427-31
2. Conklin, SM, Psychosomatic Medicine 2007; 69(1): A-15, 1734
3. Sublette ME, Am J Psychiatry, 2006 Jun 163 (6): 1100-2
4. Br. J Psychiatry, 2007 Feb, 190:118-22
5. Magnus Hogstrom, American Journal Clinical Nutrition 2007; 85:803-7
6. Meydani, SN, et al, Oral n-3 fatty acid supplementation suppresses cytokine production and lymphocyte     proliferation: comparison between young and older women. J Nutr 1991, Apr:121(4):547-55.
7. Br J Nutr. 2007 Mar 29;1-10 [Epub ahead of print]
8. Goldberg RJ, Pain, 2007 Feb 28 E pub
9. Hall, NM, et al. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Preve 2007;16(2): 314-21
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